The coconut pathosystem: weed hosts of nymphs of the American palm Cixiid Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)

Lethal yellowing (LY) of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L., Arecaceae) is a disease of economic importance that is caused by the phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae’ and is transmitted by the planthopper Haplaxius crudus (Van Duzee) (Hemiptera: Cixiidae). This study explores the weeds used by H. crudus nymphs and other Cixiidae in a coconut pathosystem in southern Mexico. Nymphs were collected directly from the root system of each weed by hand or with the help of a vacuum after carefully opening the culm. This study included 11 species of weeds: nine Poaceae [Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, B. humidicola (Rendle) Schweick, B. mutica (Forssk.) Stapf, Digitaria abyssinica (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) Stapf, Eustachys petraea (Sw.) Desv., Leersia hexandra Sw., Panicum laxum Sw., P. maximum Jacq., Paspalum notatum Flüggé]; one Cyperaceae [Cyperus ligularis L.], and one Portulacaceae: [Portulaca pilosa L.]. Brachiaria mutica, E. petraea, B. humidicola, P. maximum were identified as the principal host species for H. crudus nymphs. Brachiaria decumbens, D. abyssinica, and C. ligularis are new host records for the nymphs of H. crudus. Additionally, it was found that H. crudus may coexist with its cogeners H. skarphion Kramer (Cixiidae) and H. caldwelli Kramer (Cixiidae), on B. mutica. On C. ligularis, H. crudus may coexist with Oecleus snowi Ball (Cixiidae) nymphs. These results suggest that in the coconut pathosystem there is a complex of multitrophic interactions that should be considered in integrated management of LY.     

Comparative genetic differentiation study of three coexisting mangrove crabs in western Atlantic

ABSTRACT

A multispecies approach may reveal the factors influencing the genetic differentiation of coexisting species along a wide geographic area. Our aim was to compare the genetic differentiation of mangrove crabs coexisting along the western Atlantic in order to verify if there are common barriers, using two mitochondrial DNA markers to quantify genetic differentiation, variance and diversity. In addition, we included a mismatch distribution to check demographic history. Our data revealed that species with similar pelagic larval duration had either high genetic differentiation or the absence of genetic structure. These results can be explained by factors that contribute to genetic differentiation, such as the presence of large estuarine areas (acting as barriers), ocean currents, and larval behaviour. Also, historical events that promoted the isolation of some areas in the past, such as glacial cycles during the Pleistocene, could have caused the observed high levels of genetic divergence in some species.     

一株好氧反硝化细菌的筛选鉴定及其脱氮效果

经过富集培养和反硝化能力测定,从城市污水处理厂活性污泥中筛选得到1株好氧反硝化细菌。通过16S rDNA同源性分析对该菌进行分子鉴定,并将菌接种到模拟富营养化水体中以探究其对系统中硝态氮和总氮的去除能力。结果表明,该菌属于Klebsiella sp.,命名为HLNR05。菌株HLNR05在24 h内NO3--N的去除率达96.6%,TN去除率达92.1%,而且其从培养体系中完全去除的氮明显多于同化到细胞的氮。利用HLNR05处理模拟富营养化废水,结果发现其在24 h内对模拟废水中的NO3--N和TN去除率达91.4%和88.2%。表明菌株HLNR05具有较强的好氧反硝化能力。     

16QAM与16PSK性能对比分析研究

在通信理论中,数字调制相比模拟调制方式具备许多优点,但都以增加信号带宽为代价。带宽作为有限资源,为提高利用率,就必须改进调制技术,引入多进制调制。文中研究了目前主流的两种多进制数字调制方式16PSK和16QAM,从多个角度对比分析两种调制方式的性能并得出结论,16QAM具有更加广泛的应用。     

不同年份窖泥细菌16S rDNA系统发育分析

本研究直接提取5、10、20、50年窖泥细菌总DNA,扩增16SrDNA并构建克隆文库后进行系统发育分析.结果表明,随着年份增加,细菌多样性指数呈现出先增加后略有下降最后回升稳定的趋势;198个阳性克隆子划分成43个分类操作单位(OTUs),按优势顺序依次为Firmicutes、Bacteroidetes、Chloroflexi、unclassified Bacteria、Proteobacteria、Tenericutes、Actinobacteria、Planctomycetes和Spirochaetes.不同年份窖泥中优势菌不同,在5、50年窖泥中紫单胞菌科占优势,而在10、20年窖泥中梭菌目占优势.其中Petrimonas、Rikenellaceae、Syntrophomonadaceae、Clostridium、Lactobacillus等细菌均有发现,它们在窖泥老熟和白酒风味物质生成过程中发挥着重要作用.     

中国南方沿海13种石斑鱼类的分子系统进化关系分析

石斑鱼类(Groupers)是世界性海洋经济鱼类,也是中国南方沿海省份重要的海水增养殖对象,其种类繁多,由于缺乏明显的种间外部形态区别特征,石斑鱼的分类一直是鱼类系统分类学的一个难题,存在着较多的争议和混淆。为了从分子水平揭示石斑鱼类的系统进化关系,应用线粒体细胞色素b基因(Cyt b)及两个核糖体RNA基因(16S和12S)序列联合构建系统进化树对中国近海石斑鱼亚科3属13种进行种类鉴定及亲缘关系分析,探讨了石斑鱼类的分子系统进化。结果表明:①线粒体基因序列在石斑鱼类种间存在较大的变异,种内变异极小,是进行石斑鱼类种类鉴定较为适宜的分子标记;②所研究的3属13种石斑鱼类中,石斑鱼属与九棘鲈属的亲缘关系较近,与鳃棘鲈属的较远;③赤点石斑鱼和青石斑鱼、蜂巢石斑鱼与鲑点石斑鱼、斜带石斑鱼与棕斑石斑鱼两两间具有较近的亲缘关系。     

溶藻细菌MT22的形态学观察和分子鉴定

结合形态学和16S rRNA 基因测序的方法,对一株溶藻细菌 M T22进行菌种鉴定．结果显示, M T22菌体呈杆状,革兰氏染色阳性,产芽孢．在LB平板培养基上,菌落呈白色、圆形．16S rRNA 基因序列分析表明,与解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）的序列同源性达99％．     

河南鲁山五大温泉古细菌多样性分析

河南省平顶山市鲁山县有上汤、中汤、下汤、温汤和碱汤等五大温泉,采用Illumina Hisiq2500PE250技术对鲁山五大温泉(上汤、中汤、下汤、温汤和碱汤)古细菌的16S r DNA基因V4-5变异区序列进行测序,应用Uparse、Mothur、SILVA、MUSCLE和Qiime等软件整理和统计样品序列数目和操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit,OTU)数量,分析物种的丰度和多样性.上汤、中汤、温汤、下汤和碱汤分别获得87 993、67 326、44400、48 611、48 495条有效reads,聚类为520、280、678、451、437个OUTs.古细菌分类分析表明,河南鲁山五大温泉的古细菌可以归入11个门,其中奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota)占95.25%,是优势菌群;在属分类阶元上,上汤、中汤和温汤的优势菌属为Candidatus-Nitrosocaldus; unidentified-Thaumarchaeota是下汤和碱汤的优势菌属.对河南鲁山五大温泉开展古细菌多样性的研究发现,温泉水中含有较高的参与氨氧化过程的奇古菌门,为后续深入研究和利用河南鲁山五大温泉水中的古细菌资源提供了基础资料.     

一株高效絮凝剂产生菌的分离和鉴定

应用多相分类手段对絮凝菌株XHUA9进行了分类研究,并对分离提纯的发酵产物进行紫外和红外分析.基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析表明,该菌和模式菌株Paenibacillus hunanensis的序列同源性为96.7%,基因组DNA-DNA同源性杂交值为51.6%.菌株的主要极性脂肪酸为双磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰肌醇.菌株优势醌为MK-7,主要优势脂肪酸为anteiso-C15:0和C16:0.菌株(G+C)摩尔分数为51.9%.根据上述结果,菌株XHUA9鉴定为类芽孢杆菌属内的新种,命名为Paenibacillus shenyangensis sp.nov..紫外扫描和红外检测等结果表明,菌株XHUA9所产絮凝剂的主要成分为多糖类物质.     

新型数字电视音频编码系统--杜比E

本文介绍了运用在ATSC制式数字电视中的一种新型的音频编码系统--DolbyE.对它的应用范围、特点、以及技术标准逐一介绍,并把它与Dolby Digital做以比较,得出应用它的原因.